After fertilization the ovary ripens into the fruit, its outer layer forming the wall or pericarp with one or more seeds inside. The seed is the fertilized ripened ovule and consists of the embryo and nutritive tissue enclosed in a hard cover.
The fruits of deciduous plants are either true fruits, i.e. merely the ripened ovary, or are accessory fruits, developed from the ovary plus other parts of the flower (stem, petals). Included in the latter group are the pome, the hip, raspberry Fruits are furthermore divided, according to whether they have a dry or soft pericarp, into dry fruits (samara, nut, legume, Miele, capsule) and fleshy fruits (berries, drupes). The samara is a dry, usually one-seeded fruit, shed in its entirety, with thin, membranous to leathery pericarp; often it is winged.
The nut is a hard-shelled fruit with a woody wall not connected with the seed, e.g. that of the hazel and smoke tree. The legume or pod is a one-celled, flattened, usually elongate fruit, splitting along the margins when ripe, with several seeds inside, e.g. the golden rain, pea tree and common broom.
Monoecious shrubs are ones with both staminate and pistillate flowers on the same individual, e.g. hazel, green alder, etc., whereas dioecious shrubs have staminate and pistillate flowers on different individuals, e.g. mistletoe, sea buckthorn, willow, etc.
For their services - visiting different flowers and transferring pollen from one to another - they are rewarded with the nectar that we, too, enjoy in the form of honey, made in the nests or hives of bees. Many shrubs are important honey-yielding plants and are often cultivated by bee-keepers, e.g. the cornelian cherry, snowberry, raspberry, etc.
The commonest types are the spike or catkin, with sessile flowers attached directly to the stalk, e.g. those of the willow, alder and hazel; the raceme, with an elongated axis bearing flowers on short stems blossoming in succession toward the apex, e.g. the barberry, currant and golden rain; the panicle, with a main central stem and branched laterals bearing flowers, e.g. the traveller's joy, spiraca, smoke tree and staghorn sumach; the umbel, in which the axis is very much contracted so that the stalked florets form aflat or domed cluster, e.g. the cornelian cherry and English holly; the cyme, with stems bearing flowers on individual stalks of unequal length so that all are at the same height, e.g. the hawthorn and spiraca; and the dichasium, with two branches of flowers set below the terminal flower and extending beyond it, e.g. the spindle tree.
The fruits of deciduous plants are either true fruits, i.e. merely the ripened ovary, or are accessory fruits, developed from the ovary plus other parts of the flower (stem, petals). Included in the latter group are the pome, the hip, raspberry Fruits are furthermore divided, according to whether they have a dry or soft pericarp, into dry fruits (samara, nut, legume, Miele, capsule) and fleshy fruits (berries, drupes). The samara is a dry, usually one-seeded fruit, shed in its entirety, with thin, membranous to leathery pericarp; often it is winged.
The nut is a hard-shelled fruit with a woody wall not connected with the seed, e.g. that of the hazel and smoke tree. The legume or pod is a one-celled, flattened, usually elongate fruit, splitting along the margins when ripe, with several seeds inside, e.g. the golden rain, pea tree and common broom.
Monoecious shrubs are ones with both staminate and pistillate flowers on the same individual, e.g. hazel, green alder, etc., whereas dioecious shrubs have staminate and pistillate flowers on different individuals, e.g. mistletoe, sea buckthorn, willow, etc.
For their services - visiting different flowers and transferring pollen from one to another - they are rewarded with the nectar that we, too, enjoy in the form of honey, made in the nests or hives of bees. Many shrubs are important honey-yielding plants and are often cultivated by bee-keepers, e.g. the cornelian cherry, snowberry, raspberry, etc.
The commonest types are the spike or catkin, with sessile flowers attached directly to the stalk, e.g. those of the willow, alder and hazel; the raceme, with an elongated axis bearing flowers on short stems blossoming in succession toward the apex, e.g. the barberry, currant and golden rain; the panicle, with a main central stem and branched laterals bearing flowers, e.g. the traveller's joy, spiraca, smoke tree and staghorn sumach; the umbel, in which the axis is very much contracted so that the stalked florets form aflat or domed cluster, e.g. the cornelian cherry and English holly; the cyme, with stems bearing flowers on individual stalks of unequal length so that all are at the same height, e.g. the hawthorn and spiraca; and the dichasium, with two branches of flowers set below the terminal flower and extending beyond it, e.g. the spindle tree.
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In garden planning, flints are often used as a strong decorative surface on a mortared rubble core in the garden.
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